In Re: Amendments to Rules Regulating the Florida Bar - Substance Use Terminology

Supreme Court of Florida
                              ____________

                           No. SC2025-1172
                             ____________

 IN RE: AMENDMENTS TO RULES REGULATING THE FLORIDA
          BAR - SUBSTANCE USE TERMINOLOGY.

                             April 16, 2026

PER CURIAM.

     The Florida Bar petitions this Court to amend Rules

Regulating The Florida Bar 2-3.2 (Powers), 2-9.11 (Assistance to

Members Suffering From Impairment Related to Chemical

Dependency or Psychological Problems), 3-7.1 (Confidentiality),

3-7.10 (Reinstatement and Readmission Procedures), 6-10.3

(Minimum Continuing Legal Education Standards), and 21-3.1

(Continuing Legal Education). We have jurisdiction. See art. V,

§ 15, Fla. Const. The Bar’s proposals were approved by the Board

of Governors. In accordance with rule 1-12.1(g), the Bar published

formal notice of its intent to file this petition in The Florida Bar

News, and the notice directed interested parties to file comments

directly with the Court. No comments were received.
     Having considered the Bar’s petition, we adopt the

amendments to replace references to “chemical dependency” with

“substance use disorder,” and references to “psychological

problems” with “mental health conditions.” In addition, subdivision

(d)(11) of bylaw 2-3.2 is amended to provide that the Board of

Governors may establish “a program for providing enhanced

opportunities and participation in the profession.” Finally, we

amend bylaw 2-9.11 to update the title and to reflect that “[f]unding

must satisfy the restrictions applicable to Florida Bar mandatory

and voluntary bar groups in the Standing Board Policies.”

     Accordingly, we amend the Rules Regulating The Florida Bar

as set forth in the appendix to this opinion. Deletions are indicated

by struck-through type, and new language is indicated by

underscoring. The amendments become effective June 15, 2026, at

12:01 a.m.

     It is so ordered.

MUÑIZ, C.J., and LABARGA, COURIEL, GROSSHANS, FRANCIS,
and SASSO, JJ., concur.
TANENBAUM, J., dissents with an opinion.

THE FILING OF A MOTION FOR REHEARING SHALL NOT ALTER
THE EFFECTIVE DATE OF THESE AMENDMENTS.



                                -2-
TANENBAUM, J., dissenting.

     These changes to some of our bar rules (save one 1) appear to

mirror several of those that the American Psychiatric Association

(“APA”) made to its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental

Disorders—Fifth Edition (“DSM-5”), ostensibly as part of that

organization’s larger “destigmatization” campaign. 2 We should not

be outsourcing our rule revisions to organizations like the APA.3

     The rules are statements of our policy governing matters under

our administrative control. If the text being amended truly has

caused some operational problem—say, the text is too broad or too

narrow to fully accomplish our policy objectives—we should

carefully consider that issue and make amendments that will


     1. See the change to bar-regulation rule 2-3.2(d)(11).

      2. See Am. Psychiatric Ass’n, Stigma, Prejudice and
Discrimination Against People with Mental Illness (2024),
https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/stigma-and-
discrimination.

      3. Relatedly, I note that, with this latest edition, the APA
switched from its decades-old tradition of using Roman numerals
for the edition number to an Arabic numeral. The stated reason for
this: to designate the manual “as a ‘living document.’ ” DONALD W.
BLACK & JON E. GRANT, DSM-5 GUIDEBOOK, at xii (2014). Under the
current approach, we could be frequently amending these rules to
keep up with the APA’s ever-changing manual.


                                -3-
address it most effectively. The bar, in proposing these changes,

offers no such policy justification, instead explaining the changes in

terms of the latest language aesthetics, as determined by the APA. I

fear this approach will lead to unintended (or unconsidered) policy

consequences. 4

     Speaking of operational problems, The Florida Bar—under the

aegis of this court—spends nearly $1 million a year on the

programs mentioned in the amendments (i.e., those addressed to

lawyers’ substance abuse and mental health challenges). These

funds come from the money that lawyers and judges alike are

compelled to pay, respectively, to keep their license or to maintain

their commissions’ validity. Yet the overall utilization of those

programs clocks in at under one percent of the 115,000 lawyers

and judges who make up the bar and are compelled to pay its dues.



      4. For instance, will changing “chemical dependency” to
“substance use disorder” in bar-regulation rules 2-3.2 and 2-9.11
expand or limit eligibility for the program referenced? Same with
changing “drug or alcohol dependency” to “substance use disorder”
in rule 3-7.10: Will the change make “disqualifying conduct” more
expansive, or less? It is hard for us to say because these changes
did not develop internally to address an operational problem—
instead, coming from an external source, one not tasked like we are
with regulating a bar.


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And most of those using the programs do so as part of some

disciplinary sanction. To be good stewards of these funds, as part

of our ongoing bar-reform efforts, we should consider scrapping

rules 2-3.2(d)(10) and 2-9.11 entirely, rather than make ostensibly

aesthetic changes to them. Indeed, this consideration would

include further studying the extent to which illegal drug use,

misuse of legal drugs, alcohol abuse, and mental health problems

affect Florida legal practice, which we are charged with regulating.

Then we can develop a more cost-effective program that better

meets our regulatory obligation.

Original Proceeding – Florida Rules Regulating The Florida Bar

Rosalyn Sia Baker-Barnes, President, Michael Fox Orr, President-
elect, Joshua E. Doyle, Executive Director, Elizabeth Clark Tarbert,
Division Director, Lawyer Regulation, and Kelly N. Smith, Senior
Attorney, The Florida Bar, Tallahassee, Florida,

     for Petitioner




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                            APPENDIX

BYLAW 2-3.2.      POWERS

     (a) [No Change]

     (b) Nomination and Appointment by Board. The board of
governors may make nominations to or appointments to
associations or other entities as required by the Rules Regulating
The Florida Bar, this chapter, and any rules or policies adopted by
the board of governors in accordance therewith these rules or as
required by law.

     (c) [No Change]

    (d) Programs. The board of governors may establish,
maintain, and supervise:

          (1)-(9) [No Change]

            (10) a program or funding for a program to provide for
identification of and assistance to members of The Florida Bar who
suffer from impairment related to chemical dependencysubstance
use disorder or psychological problemsmental health conditions;

           (11) a program for providing enhanced opportunities and
participation in the profession to minority members of the bar;

          (12)-(13) [No Change]


BYLAW 2-9.11.     ASSISTANCE TO MEMBERS SUFFERING
                  FROM IMPAIRMENT RELATED TO CHEMICAL
                  DEPENDENCYSUBSTANCE USE DISORDER OR
                  PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMSMENTAL
                  HEALTH CONDITIONS

The Florida Bar shallwill create or fund a program for the
identification of its members who suffer from impairment related to
chemical dependency or psychological problemssubstance use
disorder or mental health disorder that affect their professional


                                -6-
performance or practice of law, and the assistance of those
members in overcoming such dependency or problemsthese
disorders to improve their provision of legal services to clients.
Funding must satisfy the restrictions applicable to Florida Bar
mandatory and voluntary bar groups in the Standing Board
Policies.


RULE 3-7.1.        CONFIDENTIALITY

     (a)-(i) [No Change]

      (j) Chemical Dependency and Psychological Substance Use
Disorder and Mental Health Treatment. That a lawyer, judge, or
justice has voluntarily sought, received, or accepted treatment for
chemical dependencysubstance use or psychological
problemsmental health disorders is confidential and will not be
admitted as evidence in disciplinary proceedings under these rules
unless agreed to by the lawyer, judge, or justice who sought,
received, or accepted the treatment.

      For purposes of this subdivision, a lawyer, judge, or justice is
deemed to have voluntarily sought, received, or accepted treatment
for chemical dependencysubstance use or psychological
problemsmental health disorders if the lawyer, judge, or justice was
not under compulsion of law or rule to do so, or if the treatment is
not a part of conditional admission to The Florida Bar or of a
disciplinary sanction imposed under these rules.

      It is the purpose of this subdivision to encourage lawyers,
judges, and justices to voluntarily seek advice, counsel, and
treatment available to lawyers, judges, and justices, without fear
that the fact it is sought or rendered will be admitted as evidence in
disciplinary proceedings under these rules.

      (k) Response to False or Misleading Statements. If public
statements that are false or misleading are made about any
otherwise confidential disciplinary case, The Florida Bar may
disclose all information necessary to correct suchthe false or
misleading statements.


                                 -7-
     (l)-(m) [No Change]


RULE 3-7.10.       REINSTATEMENT AND READMISSION
                   PROCEDURES

     (a)-(e) [No Change]

      (f) Referee Hearing Determining Fitness. The referee to
whom the petition for reinstatement is referred must conduct the
hearing as a trial, in the same manner, to the extent practical, as
provided elsewhere in these rules. The referee may not refer the
petition to civil or grievance mediation. The referee must decide the
petitioner’s fitness to resume the practice of law. In making this
determination, the referee will consider whether the petitioner has
engaged in any disqualifying conduct, the character and fitness of
the petitioner, and whether the petitioner has been rehabilitated, as
further described in this subdivision. All conduct engaged in after
the date of admission to The Florida Bar is relevant in proceedings
under this rule.

           (1) Disqualifying Conduct. A record manifesting a
deficiency in the honesty, trustworthiness, diligence, or reliability of
a petitioner may constitute a basis for denial of reinstatement. The
following are considered disqualifying conduct:

                (A)-(J) [No Change]

             (K) evidence of drug or alcohol
dependencysubstance use disorder;

                (L)-(P) [No Change]

           (2)-(4) [No Change]

     (g) Hearing; Notice; Evidence.

           (1)-(4) [No Change]

           (5) Evidence of Treatment or Counseling for
DependencySubstance Use Disorder or Other Medical Reasons. If
the petitioner has sought or received treatment or counseling for

                                  -8-
chemical or alcohol dependencysubstance use disorder or for other
medical reasons that relate to the petitioner’s fitness to practice
law, the petitioner must waive confidentiality of that treatment or
counseling to evaluate the petitioner’s fitness. The provisions of
rule 3-7.1(d) apply to information or records disclosed under this
subdivision.

     (h)-(n) [No Change]

                            Comment
                            [No Change]


RULE 6-10.3.      MINIMUM CONTINUING LEGAL EDUCATION
                  STANDARDS

    (a) [No Change]

     (b) Minimum Hourly Continuing Legal Education
Requirements. Every member must complete a minimum of 30
credit hours of approved continuing legal education activity every 3
years. At least 3 of the 30 credit hours must be in approved
technology courses. At least 5 of the 30 credit hours must be in
approved legal ethics, professionalism, substance abuseuse
disorder, or mental health and wellness courses; as part of the 5
credit hours, each member must complete, during each reporting
cycle, the 2-credit hour Florida Legal Professionalism course
produced by The Florida Bar and approved by the Supreme Court of
Florida. Completion of the basic skills course that is certified as
including the curriculum of the court-approved Florida Legal
Professionalism course complies with the 2-credit hour
professionalism requirement. If a member completes more than 30
credit hours during any reporting cycle, the excess credits cannot
be carried over to the next reporting cycle.

     (c)-(h) [No Change]


RULE 21-3.1.      CONTINUING LEGAL EDUCATION



                                -9-
     (a)-(c) [No Change]

     (d) Minimum Ongoing Requirement. A lawyer certified to
practice law in Florida as a military spouse must complete 10 hours
of continuing legal education during each year the authorization is
renewed, including 1 hour of technology and 2 hours of legal ethics,
professionalism, substance abuseuse disorder, or mental health
and wellness each year.




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