State v. Fowler

[Cite as State v. Fowler, 2026-Ohio-1212.]


                               IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
                                  SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                        GREENE COUNTY

 STATE OF OHIO                                       :
                                                     :   C.A. No. 2025-CA-35
       Appellee                                      :
                                                     :   Trial Court Case No. 2025 CR 0179
 v.                                                  :
                                                     :   (Criminal Appeal from Common Pleas
 KEVIN L. FOWLER                                     :   Court)
                                                     :
       Appellant                                     :   FINAL JUDGMENT ENTRY &
                                                     :   OPINION

                                               ...........

        Pursuant to the opinion of this court rendered on April 3, 2026, the judgment of the

trial court is affirmed.

        Costs to be paid as stated in App.R. 24.

        Pursuant to Ohio App.R. 30(A), the clerk of the court of appeals shall immediately

serve notice of this judgment upon all parties and make a note in the docket of the service.

Additionally, pursuant to App.R. 27, the clerk of the court of appeals shall send a certified

copy of this judgment, which constitutes a mandate, to the clerk of the trial court and note

the service on the appellate docket.


                                        For the court,




                                        MARY K. HUFFMAN, JUDGE

TUCKER, J., and HANSEMAN, J., concur.
                                      OPINION
                               GREENE C.A. No. 2025-CA-35


RICHARD L. KAPLAN, Attorney for Appellant
MEGAN A. HAMMOND, Attorney for Appellee


HUFFMAN, J.

       {¶ 1} Kevin Fowler appeals from a judgment entry of conviction on two counts of

pandering sexually oriented matter involving a minor or impaired person (“pandering”). For

the following reasons, the judgment of the trial court is affirmed.

                               Facts and Procedural History

       {¶ 2} On April 11, 2025, Fowler was indicted on two counts of pandering and two

counts of illegal use of a minor or impaired person in nudity-oriented material or

performance. At disposition on July 7, 2025, and pursuant to a plea agreement, Fowler

pleaded guilty to two counts of pandering, and the balance of the indictment was dismissed.

The court sentenced Fowler to 42 months on each count, to be served concurrently, and

Fowler was designated a Tier II sex offender. He timely appealed.

                            Assignment of Error and Analysis

       {¶ 3} Fowler asserts one assignment of error. He argues that his guilty pleas did not

comply with Crim.R. 11(C) because “the indictment and the plea included facts which do not

appear to be in evidence.” According to Fowler, the “record is devoid of information which

would aid in [his] understanding exactly what he was pleading to.”

       {¶ 4} “Due process requires that a defendant’s plea be made knowingly, intelligently,

and voluntarily; otherwise, the defendant’s plea is invalid.” State v. Bishop, 2018-Ohio-5132,

¶ 10, citing State v. Clark, 2008-Ohio-3748, ¶ 25. Crim.R. 11(C) governs pleas of guilty in




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felony cases, and a “trial court’s compliance with Crim.R. 11(C) ensures that a plea comports

with due process.” State v. Perdue, 2022-Ohio-722, ¶ 10 (2d Dist.).

        {¶ 5} “Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(c) requires that a defendant be advised of certain

constitutional rights, and strict compliance with this part of the rule is required.” State v.

Jackson, 2021-Ohio-4336, ¶ 7 (2d Dist.), citing State v. Thompson, 2020-Ohio-211, ¶ 5

(2d Dist.). “Where a trial court fails to strictly comply with Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(c), the

defendant’s plea should be deemed invalid on appeal.” (Citations omitted). Id.

        {¶ 6} Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(a) requires that a trial court ascertain whether a defendant is

“making the plea voluntarily,” and Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(b) requires that the court ascertain that

the defendant understands “the effect of the plea of guilty.” These parts of the rule relate to

nonconstitutional issues, and the “‘defendant must affirmatively show prejudice to invalidate

the plea where the trial court fails to comply fully with Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(a)-(b).’” Jackson at

¶ 8, quoting State v. Dangler, 2020-Ohio-2765, ¶ 14. To demonstrate prejudice resulting

from partial noncompliance with Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(a) and (b), the defendant must show that

he “would [not] have otherwise entered the plea.” Id., citing Thompson. If, however, a trial

court completely fails to comply with Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(a) and (b), the defendant’s plea should

be invalidated on appeal, and a showing of prejudice is not required. Id., citing Dangler at

¶ 14.

        {¶ 7} Crim.R. 11 does not require a trial court to establish a factual basis before

accepting a guilty plea to a felony charge. State v. Matthews, 2020-Ohio-1286, fn.1

(8th Dist.). “A guilty plea admits the facts set forth in the indictment, not the [underlying] facts

set forth at the plea hearing.” State v. Riddle, 2017-Ohio-1199, ¶ 34 (2d Dist.), quoting State

v. Greathouse, 2004-Ohio-3402, ¶ 8 (2d Dist.). “Pleading guilty is ‘an admission of every




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material fact well pleaded in the indictment, dispensing with the necessity of proving them,

and authorizing the court to proceed to judgment.’” Id., quoting Greathouse at ¶ 7.

       {¶ 8} The indictment’s description of pandering is nearly identical to the language of

R.C. 2907.322, which states: “(A) No person, with knowledge of the character of the material

or performance involved, shall do any of the following: . . . (5) Knowingly solicit, receive,

purchase, exchange, possess, or control any material that shows a minor or impaired person

participating or engaging in sexual activity, masturbation, or bestiality.”

       {¶ 9} Fowler does not argue that there is no factual basis for the pandering charges,

and he did not indicate at the plea hearing that he did not understand the nature of the

pandering offenses. Fowler advised the court that he had reviewed his plea form and the

Crim.R. 11 notification and waiver form with defense counsel and that he thoroughly

understood them. The notification and waiver form states, in part, “I understand the nature

of the charge(s),” and in the course of the hearing, Fowler said, “I understand my charges.”

Fowler further acknowledged his understanding that at a trial, the State would have had “to

prove each and every element of each charge” to the jury beyond a reasonable doubt.

       {¶ 10} The following exchange occurred:

       THE COURT: So as to Counts 1 and 3, both being violations of 2907.322(A)(5)

       - - these are both Pandering Sexually Oriented Matter Involving a Minor or

       Impaired Person, both felonies of the third degree - - Mr. Fowler, how do you

       plead?

       THE DEFENDANT: Guilty.

       {¶ 11} We have no basis to conclude that Fowler did not understand “exactly what he

was pleading to” as he asserts. In pleading guilty, he admitted the facts set forth in the

indictment, and the record reflects that his pleas were entered knowingly, intelligently, and


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voluntarily. Fowler’s assigned error is overruled, and the judgment of the trial court is

affirmed.

                                    .............

TUCKER, J., and HANSEMAN, J., concur.




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