In Re: Singer, I., Appeal of: Singer, J.

J-S05028-26

                                   2026 PA Super 89

  IN RE: ESTATE OF IRVIN MICHAEL               :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
  SINGER, DECEASED                             :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                                               :
  APPEAL OF: JACOB SINGER                      :
                                               :
                                               :
                                               :
                                               :   No. 993 EDA 2025

               Appeal from the Decree Entered April 14, 2025
   In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Orphans' Court at
                      No(s): O.C. No. 386 DE of 2021


BEFORE:      PANELLA, P.J.E., KING, J., and FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E. *

OPINION BY KING, J.:                                     FILED APRIL 30, 2026

       Appellant, Jacob Singer, appeals from the decree entered in the

Orphans’ Court of the Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas, which

denied his petition for citation to compel burial arrangements for Irvin Michael

Singer (“Decedent”). We affirm.

       The opinion from the Orphans’ Court set forth the relevant facts and

procedural history of this appeal as follows:

          A. Last Will and Testament

          Decedent executed his Last Will and Testament (“Will”) on
          March 30, 2020, and a Codicil dated August 26, 2024. In
          this Will and subsequent Codicil, Decedent stated that he
          was a resident of Dade County, Florida. At the time of
          death, Decedent was divorced and survived by three adult
          children: David Singer [(“Appellee”)], [Appellant], and Paul
          Singer.

          Decedent named [Appellee] as the Executor of his Will and
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* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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         empowered him to manage his estate upon his death.
         Decedent provided a single directive for burial: burial in the
         family plot, which is located at Laurel Hill Cemetery,
         Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

         The pertinent portion of the Decedent’s will is as follows:




         Upon information and belief, the original copy of the
         Decedent’s will is currently held by the Miami Dade Orphans’
         or probate division following its submission for probate.

         B. Decedent’s Death

         Decedent died on March 31, 2025, in the state of Florida
         from natural causes. The Florida Death Certificate listed
         Decedent’s place of death at “Decedent’s Home” at “1121
         Crandon Boulevard #D308, Key Biscayne, Florida, 33149,
         United States” in “Miami Dade County.”

(Orphans’ Court Opinion, filed 6/13/25, at 3-4) (record citations omitted).

      On April 9, 2025, Appellant filed a petition for citation to compel

requested burial arrangements for Decedent. In it, Appellant alleged that he

contacted Laurel Hill Cemetery.      Cemetery staff informed Appellant that

Appellee “was handling alone the burial of Decedent … and that [Appellant]

and Paul Singer were not to be told about the arrangements and that they




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were not invited to any burial services.” 1 (Petition to Compel, filed 4/9/25, at

¶3).   Further, Appellant asserted that he visited with Decedent before his

death.    During these visits, Decedent told Appellant “that he wanted their

rabbi to officiate over his burial ceremony when the time came.” (Id. at ¶34).

When Appellant discussed this matter with Appellee, Appellee “would have

none of it and he would not let [Appellant], Paul Singer or their families be

involved in any arrangements or even attend any ceremony.” (Id. at ¶37).

Consequently, Appellant requested emergency interim relief under the

Probate, Estates and Fiduciaries (“PEF”) Code, 20 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 101-8816.

That same day, the Orphans’ Court issued a decree to stay all burial and

interment arrangements for Decedent pending a full hearing.

       The court conducted the evidentiary hearing on April 11, 2025. At that

time, the court received testimony from Appellant, Appellant’s daughter,

Appellee, and Paul Singer.        On April 14, 2025, the court issued its decree

denying Appellant’s petition. Specifically, the court determined that Appellee

presented credible evidence to establish that “Decedent had fixed his domicile

in the State of Florida at the time of his death[.]” (Decree, filed 4/14/25, at

2) (unnumbered). Citing Sections 711 and 721 of the PEF Code, the court



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1 To provide additional context, the petition claimed that Appellee “had an
acrimonious relationship with his brothers Jacob and Paul, who both are
involved in litigation with [Appellee] for misappropriating monies through
[Appellee’s] management of certain properties owned by trusts administered
by the brothers.” (Petition to Compel, filed 9/9/25, at ¶4).

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concluded that it lacked authority to consider Appellant’s petition because

Decedent was not domiciled in Philadelphia at the time of his death.

       Appellant timely filed a notice of appeal on April 15, 2025. 2 On April 24,

2025, the court ordered Appellant to file a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) concise

statement of errors complained of on appeal. Appellant timely filed his Rule

1925(b) statement on May 7, 2025.

       Appellant now raises four issues for this Court’s review:

          Did the … court err when the … court ruled that the Orphans’
          Court Division of the Court of Common Pleas did not have
          jurisdiction to decide [Appellant’s] petition to compel
          requested burial arrangements?

          Did the … court err by refusing to exercise the non-
          mandatory jurisdiction of the Philadelphia Orphans’ Court to
          decide the petition to compel requested burial
          arrangements?

          Did the … court err when the … court ruled that the general
          jurisdiction Philadelphia Court of Common Pleas did not
          have jurisdiction to decide [Appellant’s] petition to compel
          requested burial arrangements?

          Did the … court err by failing to find that [Appellant] along
          with his brother Paul Singer had the right to determine the
          funeral arrangements for [Decedent]?

(Appellant’s Brief at 5).

       We need only address Appellant’s fourth issue, as it disposes of the

entire appeal. Appellant acknowledges that Section 305 of the PEF Code offers


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2 Prior to filing the notice of appeal, Appellant filed a motion for reconsideration

on April 14, 2025. After Appellant filed the notice of appeal, the court denied
the motion for reconsideration on April 21, 2025.

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the “procedure for resolving family disputes related to the burial services for”

Decedent. (Id. at 27). Appellant interprets Section 305 to provide “that if

two or more persons with equal standing as next of kin disagree on disposition

of the decedent’s remains, the authority to set final arrangements shall be

determined by the majority of those kin.” (Id. at 27-28). Here, Appellant

claims that he and Paul Singer agreed that Decedent needed a formal religious

ceremony in conjunction with his burial. Appellant insists that his and Paul’s

wishes, as the majority of the next of kin, trumped Appellee’s desire for a

smaller ceremony.        Appellant maintains that the Orphans’ Court decision

“allowed the vindictive and callous concerns of one individual to silence the

wishes of so many.” (Id. at 31). Appellant concludes that this Court must

reverse the decree denying his petition “and hold that the majority of the

brothers should have been given the right to arrange the burial services.” 3

(Id. at 32). We disagree.

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3 The parties do not dispute the fact that Decedent was already buried at the

appropriate cemetery in Philadelphia, and, arguably, the appeal is now moot.
“An issue before a court is moot if in ruling upon the issue the court cannot
enter an order that has any legal force or effect.” In re D.A., 801 A.2d 614,
616 (Pa.Super. 2002) (en banc).

          Nevertheless, this Court will decide questions that otherwise
          have been rendered moot when one or more of the following
          exceptions to the mootness doctrine apply: 1) the case
          involves a question of great public importance, 2) the
          question presented is capable of repetition and apt to elude
          appellate review, or 3) a party to the controversy will suffer
          some detriment due to the decision of the trial court.
(Footnote Continued Next Page)


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       Appellant’s issue, concerning the applicability of Section 305 of the PEF

Code, presents a pure question of law, and, thus, “our standard of review is

de novo and our scope of review is plenary.” Freedom Medical Supply, Inc.

v. State Farm Fire and Cas. Co., 635 Pa. 86, 91, 131 A.3d 977, 980 (2016).

          The object of interpretation and construction of all statutes
          is to ascertain and effectuate the intention of the General
          Assembly. When the words of a statute are clear and free
          from all ambiguity, their plain language is generally the best
          indication of legislative intent. A reviewing court should
          resort to other considerations to determine legislative intent
          only when the words of the statute are not explicit. In
          ascertaining legislative intent, this Court is guided by,
          among other things, the primary purpose of the statute, and
          the consequences of a particular interpretation.

          Moreover, it is axiomatic that in determining legislative
          intent, all sections of a statute must be read together and
          in conjunction with each other, and construed with reference
          to the entire statute.

Prieto Corp. v. Gambone Const. Co., 100 A.3d 602, 606-07 (Pa.Super.

2014) (citation omitted).

       Section 305 governs disputes over burial arrangements as follows:

          § 305. Right to dispose of a decedent’s remains

              (a)    General rule.—Except as specified in subsection
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Here, we are mindful that challenges to burial arrangements are time-
sensitive matters. Following an Orphans’ Court ruling, a decedent will
necessarily be buried or interred before any appeal is resolved. As such, there
is a dearth of appellate decisions interpreting Section 305. This is underscored
by the parties’ reliance on various Orphans’ Court decisions throughout the
argument sections of their briefs. Therefore, we believe this case presents an
exception to the mootness doctrine where Appellant’s question presented is
capable of repetition and apt to elude appellate review. See id.

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       (a.1) [regarding members of the armed forces], the
       determination of the final disposition of a decedent’s
       remains shall be as set forth in this section unless otherwise
       specifically provided by waiver and agreement of the person
       entitled to make such determination under this section,
       subject to the provisions of a valid will executed by
       the decedent and sections 8611(a) (relating to persons
       who may execute anatomical gift) and 8654(1) (relating to
       requirement of explicit, specific and separate authorization).

                                *    *    *

          (b) Disposition of the remains of a deceased
       spouse.—Absent an allegation of enduring estrangement,
       incompetence, contrary intent or waiver and agreement
       which is proven by clear and convincing evidence, a
       surviving spouse shall have the sole authority in all matters
       pertaining to the disposition of the remains of the decedent.

          (c) Disposition of the remains of others.—If there
       is not a surviving spouse, absent an allegation of enduring
       estrangement, incompetence, contrary intent or waiver and
       agreement which is proven by clear and convincing
       evidence, the next of kin shall have sole authority in all
       matters pertaining to the disposition of the remains of the
       decedent.

           (d) Procedure.—Where a petition alleging enduring
       estrangement, incompetence, contrary intent or waiver and
       agreement is made within 48 hours of the death or discovery
       of the body of the decedent, whichever is later, a court may
       order that no final disposition of the decedent’s remains take
       place until a final determination is made on the petition.
       Notice to each person with equal or higher precedence than
       the petitioner to the right to dispose of the decedent’s
       remains and to his attorney if known and to the funeral
       home or other institution where the body is being held must
       be provided concurrently with the filing of the petition. A
       suitable bond may be required by the court.

          (1) If the court determines that clear and convincing
       evidence      establishes     enduring       estrangement,
       incompetence, contrary intent or waiver and agreement, the
       court shall enter an appropriate order regarding the final

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        disposition which may include appointing an attorney in fact
        to arrange the final disposition, with reasonable costs
        chargeable to the estate.

           (2) If two persons with equal standing as next of kin
        disagree on disposition of the decedent’s remains, the
        authority to dispose shall be determined by the court, with
        preference given to the person who had the closest
        relationship with the deceased. If more than two persons
        with equal standing as next of kin disagree on disposition of
        the decedent’s remains, the authority to dispose shall be
        determined by the majority. Where two or more persons
        with equal standing cannot reach a majority decision, the
        court shall make a final determination on disposition of the
        decedent’s remains.

           (3) If the court determines that the petition is not
        supported by a clear and convincing evidence, the court may
        award attorney fees. An award of attorney fees shall
        constitute a setoff against any claim by the petitioner
        against the estate.

20 Pa.C.S.A. § 305(a)-(d) (emphasis added). “Contrary intent” is defined as

an “explicit and sincere expression, either verbal or written, of a decedent

adult … prior to death and not subsequently revoked that a person other than

the one authorized by this section determine the final disposition of his

remains.” 20 Pa.C.S.A. § 305(e).

     Instantly, Decedent’s will included the following provision appointing

Appellee as executor:




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(Response to Petition to Compel, filed 4/10/25, at Exhibit A). As mentioned

in the Orphans’ Court opinion, Decedent’s will also authorized the executor to

facilitate Decedent’s burial in the family plot.

      Significantly, Appellant’s petition to compel attacks Appellee’s decisions

as executor rather than the validity of Decedent’s will:

         Out of pure spite and vindictiveness, obviously related to
         the difficulties in their relationship caused by the various
         litigations, [Appellee] intends to cut his brothers out of any
         burial arrangements and services for [Decedent].

         Emergency interim relief and final relief is necessary as
         [Appellant] and Paul Singer have learned that [Appellee]
         intends to secretly bury Decedent … sometime on Thursday,
         April 10, 2025 at Laurel Hill East Cemetery in Philadelphia
         without their input and involvement in the burial services.

(Petition to Compel at ¶39-40).

      On appeal, Appellant grounds his argument in the language of Section

305(d)(2), which gives a majority of the next of kin authority over burial

matters under certain circumstances.          Appellant, however, ignores the

preceding statutory language, which establishes that the requirements of



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Section 305 are “subject to the provisions of a valid will executed by the

decedent….” 20 Pa.C.S.A. § 305(a). Because Decedent’s valid will named

Appellee, as executor, to be responsible for the burial, our Section 305

analysis ends there. See Prieto Corp., supra. Accordingly, we affirm the

decree denying Appellant’s petition for citation to compel burial arrangements,

albeit on other grounds.4

       Decree affirmed.




Date: 4/30/2026




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4 This Court may affirm a trial court on grounds other than those specified in

its opinion. See In re C.S., 761 A.2d 1197, 1201 (Pa.Super. 2000) (en banc).
Here, the Orphans’ Court did not address the merits of Appellant’s petition
due its conclusions regarding jurisdiction and venue. (See Orphans’ Court
Opinion at 7-10). Assuming without deciding that jurisdiction and venue
were proper in the Philadelphia County Orphans’ Court, we conclude that the
well-developed record did not afford relief to Appellant on the merits of his
claim.

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